homehome Home chatchat Notifications


Why girls and boys have such different ADHD rates

Out of every 4 children who suffer from ADHD, 3 are boys. But in adulthood, the ratio gets very close to 1:1.

Mihai Andrei
January 23, 2019 @ 10:00 pm

share Share

Out of every 4 children who suffer from ADHD, 3 are boys. But in adulthood, the ratio gets very close to 1:1.

Image in public domain.

Part of the explanation emerged in 2017 when a study found that girls tend to develop ADHD at a later age than boys, but that doesn’t tell the whole story. A new study analyzed data from 1,571 children living in Zurich, Switzerland. The kids were involved in a program where teachers assessed two aspects associated with ADHD: inattention and hyperactivity/impulsivity.

Every year from the age of 7 to the age of 15, these behavioral elements were measured with a standard scale. They were assessed separately as previous studies have shown that they can develop at different rates and with different intensities.

Firstly, when it comes to inattention, most children had low levels of symptoms. However, almost 40% of boys seemed to have persistently high inattention levels during this period — a level that stayed consistent with age. Among girls, however, there was much more variation. Around a third of them had moderate symptoms, but these symptoms declined consistently with age.

When it came to hyperactivity/impulsivity, there were also strong differences between boys and girls. Again, the majority of all children had fairly low levels of symptoms (81% for girls and 61% for girls). Symptoms tended to decrease with age, but there were two groups who stood out: one group (13% of boys, 10% of girls) had somewhat elevated symptoms in childhood. Their symptoms first decreased, but as they entered their teens, the symptoms re-emerged quickly — researchers speculate that the symptoms could be “adolescence-triggered”. There was also a group of children (24% of boys, 9% of girls) who had high levels of symptoms which did not seem to decrease over the years.

This confirms that boys tend to develop ADHD-type symptoms earlier than girls. It also shows that for both males and females, early adolescence represented a period of vulnerability characterized by relatively sudden symptom increases.

However, it also suggests that many girls may be slipping diagnosis altogether, since most of the diagnosis emphasis is placed on younger children — as most diagnostic criteria require symptoms to begin before the age of 12.

“Females affected by hyperactivity/impulsivity may be more likely to be excluded from diagnosis due to current age of onset criteria. More attention should be paid to early adolescence as a period of risk for hyperactivity/impulsivity symptom onset or worsening,” researchers write.

The study “Sex differences in ADHD trajectories across childhood and adolescence” has been published in Developmental Science.

share Share

James Webb Telescope Uses Cosmic "Magnifying glass" to Detect Stars 6.5 Billion Light-Years Away

The research group observed a galaxy nearly 6.5 billion light-years from Earth; when the universe was half its current age.

Not armed, but dangerous: New Armless dinosaur species unearthed in Argentina

This dino was not armed, but still very dangerous!

What are the effects of Dry January? Better sleep, more energy and feeling in control

Can a month without alcohol really change your life? Dry January participants report a wealth of benefits.

Local governments are using AI without clear rules or policies, and the public has no idea

In 2017, the city of Rotterdam in the Netherlands deployed an artificial intelligence (AI) system to determine how likely welfare recipients were to commit fraud. After analysing the data, the system developed biases: it flagged as “high risk” people who identified as female, young, with kids, and of low proficiency in the Dutch language. The […]

The 12 Smartest Dinosaurs: The Top Brainy Beasts of the Mesozoic

A rundown of some of the most interesting high-IQ dinos.

These Revolutionary Maps Are Revealing Earth's Geological Secrets

This work paves the way for more precise and comprehensive geological models

These Cockatoos Prepare Their Food by Dunking it Into Water

Just like some of us enjoy rusk dipped in coffee or tea, intelligent cockatoos delight in eating rusk dipped in water.

Microplastics Discovered in Human Brain Tissue: What Are The Health Risks?

From the air we breathe to the water we drink, microplastics infiltrate every corner of our lives—but what happens when they cross into our brains?

How Hot is the Moon? A New NASA Mission is About to Find Out

Understanding how heat moves through the lunar regolith can help scientists understand how the Moon's interior formed.

New tools enable companies to improve the sustainability of their products

There’s no shortage of environmental crises. Whether it’s climate change, plastic pollution, or simply our mounting waste, we just produce too much stuff — and then throw it away. There’s no silver bullet or magic tool that can solve everything. We need societal changes, better regulation, and more responsible companies. In a new study, a […]