homehome Home chatchat Notifications


Ancient 13,000-year-old bird figurine is the oldest Chinese 3D work of art

The tiny bone sculpture is the earliest 3D work of art in East Asia.

Tibi Puiu
June 10, 2020 @ 9:01 pm

share Share

An international team of researchers has unearthed a beautifully preserved bone carving depicting a small bird at the Paleolithic site of Lingjing, in Henan, China. The ancient artwork, dated to between 13,800 and 13,000 years old, is the earliest 3D piece of art found in East Asia, pointing to a longstanding artistic tradition specific to the region.

Photo (top) and 3D reconstruction using microtomography (bottom) of the miniature bird sculpture. Credit: Francesco d’Errico and Luc Doyon.

Most ancient three-dimensional artworks have been discovered in Europe. In 2007, a team led by Nicholas Conard from the University of Tübingen in Germany excavated a tiny figurine of a woolly mammoth, measuring only 3.7 cm in length and weighing a mere 7.5 grams, from a site 1 km northwest of Stetten-ob-Lontal, Baden-Württemberg, Germany. Dated to 33,000 BCE, the mammoth figurine was skillfully carved, showing fine attention to detail.

Conard also discovered the oldest figurine depicting a human, a 35,000-year-old sculpture of a tiny figure, with short arms ending in five fingers. The Venus-like figurine was found three meters underground, within the Hohle Fels Cave in southern Germany.

Although the oldest known cave art — the 44,000 years old cave art of South Sulawesi, Indonesia — is located in East Asia, before the Lingjing discovery, the earliest three-dimensional animal sculpture from the continent was only 4,500 years old.

This has led some scholars to believe that there was quite an important lag between European and Asian hunter-gatherer cultures in 3-D artwork creation. Now, in a new study led by Zhanyang Li from Shandong University, China, archaeologists have cast new light on humanity’s earliest 3-D art.

Excavations at the Lingjing site first began in 2005, exposing 11 distinct stratified layers ranging in age from 120,000 years to the Bronze Age. However, the researchers realized they were in trouble. The fifth layer had been removed by a well-digging operation in 1958 — but not entirely.

A refuse heap from the time the well was built was still intact. Inside it, Li and colleagues found several artifacts, including shards of pottery, burned animal remains, as well as the bird figurine carved out of bone.

“The first time we looked at the figurine under the microscope we could not believe our eyes. Not only the traces of manufacture were well preserved. They clearly indicated that the artist was extremely skillful and able to adapt different techniques to carve each part of this tiny sculpture,” Francesco D’Errico of the Université de Bordeaux and corresponding author of the new study, told ZME Science.

3-D print of the original bone carving dated to 13,000 years ago. Credit: Francesco d’Errico.

Radiocarbon dating on the burned animal remains suggests that the bird figurine and associated bone material are about 13,000 years old. This predates previously known instances from this region by 8,500 years. The only other example of a bird figurine is a jade songbird sculpture dated to approximately 5,000 years ago.

“The oldest known statuettes, carved from mammoth ivory and depicting animals and humans, date to the Aurignacian period (40,000 years ago) and come from archaeological sites located in the Swabian Jura, Germany. For large areas of the world, however, it remains unclear when the production of three-dimensional representations became an integral part of the cultural repertoire of human societies, and whether this innovation was achieved independently or by diffusion from a center of origin. The discovery of this statuette, now the oldest work of Chinese art, sets back the origin of sculpture in East Asia by more than 8,500 years. Its stylistic and technological peculiarities – it is the only known Paleolithic sculpture of an animal standing on a pedestal – identify an original artistic tradition, unknown until now,” D’Errico said.

The findings appeared in the journal PLOS ONE.

share Share

What Happens When Russian and Ukrainian Soldiers Come Home?

Russian and Ukrainian soldiers will eventually largely lay down their arms, but as the Soviet Afghanistan War shows, returning from the frontlines causes its own issues.

Some people are just wired to like music more, study shows

Most people enjoy music to some extent. But while some get goosebumps from their favorite song, others don’t really feel that much. A part of that is based on our culture. But according to one study, about half of it is written in our genes. In one of the largest twin studies on musical pleasure […]

This Stinky Coastal Outpost Made Royal Dye For 500 Years

Archaeologists have uncovered a reeking, violet-stained factory where crushed sea snails once fueled the elite’s obsession with royal purple.

Researchers analyzed 10,000 studies and found cannabis could actually fight cancer

Scientists used AI to scan a huge number of papers and found cannabis gets a vote of confidence from science.

Scientists Found a Way to Turn Falling Rainwater Into Electricity

It looks like plumbing but acts like a battery.

AI Made Up a Science Term — Now It’s in 22 Papers

A mistranslated term and a scanning glitch birthed the bizarre phrase “vegetative electron microscopy”

Elon Musk could soon sell missile defense to the Pentagon like a Netflix subscription

In January, President Donald Trump signed an executive order declaring missile attacks the gravest threat to America. It was the official greenlight for one of the most ambitious military undertakings in recent history: the so-called “Golden Dome.” Now, just months later, Elon Musk’s SpaceX and two of its tech allies—Palantir and Anduril—have emerged as leading […]

She Can Smell Parkinson’s—Now Scientists Are Turning It Into a Skin Swab

A super-smeller's gift could lead to an early, non-invasive Parkinson's test.

This Caddisfly Discovered Microplastics in 1971—and We Just Noticed

Decades before microplastics made headlines, a caddisfly larva was already incorporating synthetic debris into its home.

Have scientists really found signs of alien life on K2-18b?

Extraordinary claims require extraordinary evidence. We're not quite there.