Geology and Paleontology on ZME Science

Dinosaur videos -- Diving deep into the Mesozoic

Dinosaur videos are always relevant for science fans.

How amber forms -- nature's time capsule

It takes millions of years!

What is the Wilson Cycle? The builder and slayer of supercontinents

There're two ways you can find out how supercontinents form. Reading this is the one where you don't have to wait millions of years.

The Rock Cycle

Geological cycles rock.

Do volcanoes really emit more CO2 than humans?

Volcanoes emit a significant amount of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere, but nowhere near what humans emit.

How to identify granites

There's a rocky road ahead of us!

6 Surreal Caves of the Earth

Nature is beautiful both on the outside and inside.

What rocks is the Moon made from?

What's the Moon made from, anyway?

World's deepest underwater cave discovered in Czech Republic -- explorers still haven't reached the bottom

It's so deep explorers had to use a submersible robot to map the cave. The rope wasn't long enough, though.

The Types of Fossils and Other Rock-solid Fossil Facts

Bones to stones.

How caves form and the different types of caves

Shaped by erosion, fire, or water, caves have some surprising but always beautiful births.

How Quicksand Works and How to Escape its clutches

Discover the fascinating world of quicksand but also learn how to break free from it.

Platycrinus saffordi, the sea lily that isn't a flower

Crinoids are sometimes referred to as sea lillies because of their resemblance to a plant or flower. But this fossil looks more like something straight from hell.

The locks of a goddess and solidified glass lava: Pele's hair

Believe it or not, this is actually lava.

How old is the Earth and how do we know it?

The age of the Earth is 4.54 billion years - plus or minus 1% (0.05 billion years). But how do we know this?

What are the layers of the Earth?

We know what the layers of the Earth are without seeing them directly -- with the magic of geophysics.

Volcano facts and other pieces of hot science

Volcanoes are some of the most amazing geological features but quite often, they’re misunderstood or not understood at all. Here we’ll get to know them a bit better, starting with the basic facts and the moving onto cool and surprising facts, and of course, continuing with everyone’s favorite (from a distance): eruptions. Basic Volcano Facts 1. Volcanoes are […]

What are sinkholes: how they form and why they're so dangerous

Sinkholes can be dangerous. Here's what you need to know.

11 Volcanic Craters to Blow Your Mind

Volcanoes are truly amazing – spewing out lava from the depths of the planet, they are a close reminder that our planet is very much alive and constantly changing. Even after they become dormant or extinct, volcanoes are still incredibly majestic – here we’ll take a look at just some of the most spectacular craters they […]

Volcanoes in Italy: the complete guide

Italy is home to some of the world's most interesting volcanoes.

Domes of ice and grass: the Pingos [with great pics]

Also called hydrolaccoliths, pingos are spectacular domes of earth and vegetation covered ice usually found in the Arctic and subarctic. They can reach up to 90 metres (300 feet) high and more than 800 metres (0.5 mile) across and are usually circular or oval-shaped. They may be green on the outside, but the core is solid, clear ice. […]

The Mind Bending Types of Geological Folds

Folds are some of the most common geological phenomena you see in the world – a geological fold occurs when planar (usually sedimentary) layers are curved and/or bent, permanently deformed due to outside pressure. Folds’ sizes can vary from microscopic to mountain-sized, as you can see above. Despite being a fairly simple process (in principle), […]

Are Birds Really Dinosaurs -- according to scientists, they are

It's remarkable what evolution can do in millions of years.

Doggerland -- the land that connected Europe and the UK 8000 years ago

We all know that Earth used to look very different in the geological past, but few would imagine that Europe was such a different place just 8,000 years ago. Back then, continental Europe was connected to the UK with a land mass called Doggerland. The area had a thriving history both for wildlife or for […]

The Crust: The Thinnest Layer of the Earth

To scale, the Earth's crust is thinner than an apple's skin.

The Three Main Types of Volcanoes

Volcanoes are some of the hottest features on the face of the Earth - here we detail the types of volcanoes.

The types of rock: igneous, metamorphic and sedimentary

The three main types of geological rocks are described. They are...

The World's Deepest Hole Lies Beneath this Rusty Metal Cap - The Kola Superdeep Borehole

Would you believe me if I told you that under this rusty, abandoned metal cap there lies the deepest hole ever dug by mankind? That beneath this metal seal, which measures only 9 inches in diameter, there are 12,262 meters (40,230 ft) of nothingness? You might have your doubts — but hear me out. A journey […]

Volcano in Ethiopia is spewing out blue lava... sort of

Blue lava? Not quite It’s a volcano, but not the kind of volcano we’re used to seeing. This is called a Cerulean eruption, and the blue tint that surrounds the lava comes from flames produced when escaping sulphuric gases burn. The volcano contains large amounts of pure sulfur, which emits an icy violet color as it burns, […]

The main types of quartz -- in beautiful pictures

Quartz is a hard mineral consisting of silicon and oxygen. It’s one of the most common minerals in the Earth’s crust There are several different types of quartz, including amethyst, citrine, milky quartz, rose quartz, or agate. –yes, all of those are essentially quartz, and they’re all beautiful. Let’s have a look at them. “Plain” […]

Lava versus ocean: what happens when the two meet (awesome photo alert)

Lava, the molten rock that flows from inside the Earth, can destroy everything in its path. Water, meanwhile is like an arch nemesis of lava. So what happens when the two meet? Water and fire It’s beautiful, sure — but it’s hella dangerous. When lava enters the water, a number of things happen. It’s a […]

9 amazing displays of fossil art

Art is a relative term, especially in these modern times. In its most accepted term, art is the deliberate process of arranging certain elements in such a way that appeals to the senses, trying to achieve beauty. But what these elements are and how they are arranged is up to the artist. So it shouldn’t […]

9 Dinosaurs that marked the planet

How the dinosaurs appeared is clear, but it’s not so clear how they dissapeared. One thing’s for sure, they ruled this planet for a significant amount of time. But how much truth is behind this avalanche of publicity and fiction, and which dinosaurs are the true leaders of these amazing lizards?? Here’s just a small […]

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