homehome Home chatchat Notifications


Crab spiders cooperate to camouflage themselves as a flower

A male and a female crab spider worked together to mimic a flower.

Mihai Andrei
April 15, 2024 @ 7:22 pm

share Share

Camouflage in the natural world is nothing new. Many types of creatures hide thesemves in nature, both to capture prey and to escape their own predators — but the way these spiders do it is something else. The male and the female crab spider work together to create the illusion, one blending in with the flower’s petals while the other mimics its pistil and stamens.

The two spiders work together to create a camouflage, copying the appearance of the flowers around them. Image credits: Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment (2024). DOI: 10.1002/fee.2721

The spiders that were a flower

Shi-Mao Wu and Jiang-Yun Gao, two researchers from the Yunnan University in China, were exploring a rainforest in the Yunnan region of China when they came across something that looked suspicious.

It was a pair of crab spiders, but they weren’t doing classical spider things. Upon closer inspection, the researchers realized that they were seeing two spiders cooperating to resemble a single flower.

The researchers didn’t think all that much about it initially, just took a photo and moved on. But when they returned four days later, the two spiders were still there, doing the same thing.

The behavior came as a big surprise. Female crab spiders were known to engage in camouflage, but something like this was never observed before.

“Female crab spiders (Thomisus spp) are able to camouflage themselves as flowers not only to successfully avoid being preyed upon by birds but also to ambush flower-visiting insect prey. This mimicry manipulates flower signals and may vary from species to species. However, do male crab spiders, which are usually much smaller in size and darker in coloration than females, also camouflage themselves in this way?” the researchers ask.

A first in the animal world

Cooperative mimicry has never before been observed — not just in spiders, but in any species. It’s not hard to see why: this approach requires both participants to work together in creating a convincing camouflage. It’s an evolutionary and cooperative challenge.

This is all the more striking in spiders. Crab spiders are diverse group of over 2,000 species — but most of them spend most of their time alone, coming together briefly only to reproduce. This usually means a few minutes or an hour or two. Four days together, in a similar position, can’t be explained by coming to reproduce. That’s why researchers suspect a case of advanced mimicry.

The mimicry only works if both are present, too. The female mimics the lighter background (petals) while the redder male mimics the pistil and stamens, the reproductive glands of the flower.

However, reproduction may still be the driver behind this behavior.

Crab spiders don’t spin webs. They’re ambush predators, hiding and waiting for unsuspecting prey to come nearby. Some species sit on or beside flowers, where they snatch insects that come around. The lighter colored females blend in with flower petals. For the darker males, coming close to the females would be a hazard if they don’t also blend it. As a result, males that look more like flowers may have had an evolutionary advantage.

However, this is all still a fair bit of speculation. For now, researchers recommend closer studies of crab spiders to see if more evidence can be found of this type of behavior.

“This could be an example of “cooperation” that expands the niche of both females and males in mimicry systems, and cooperating individuals may have improved survivorship and predation efficiency. It would also be interesting to investigate the co-evolution between male and female crab spiders,” the researchers conclude.

Shi‐Mao Wu et al, Male and female crab spiders “cooperate” to mimic a flower, Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment (2024). DOI: 10.1002/fee.2721

share Share

A Simple Heat Hack Could Revolutionize How We Produce Yogurt

In principle, the method could be deployed tomorrow, researchers say.

Scientists Create a ‘Smart Sponge’ That Knows When to Heal and When to Fight Inflammation

This hydrogel could help millions of people lead a better life.

The Race to the Bottom: Japan Is Set to Start Testing Deep-Sea Mining

There's a big hidden cost to this practice.

Japan Just Smashed the Internet Speed World Record and It's Much Faster Than You Think

Researchers transmitted 127,500 GB every second — over the distance from Chicago to Dallas.

Can You Tell Which Knot Is Strongest? Most People Fail This Surprisingly Tough Challenge

Knots are a test of physical intuition and most of us are failing hard.

Scientists Call for a Global Pause on Creating “Mirror Life” Before It’s Too Late: “The threat we’re talking about is unprecedented”

Creating synthetic lifeforms is almost here, and the consequences could be devastating.

For the First Time Ever We Can See Planets Starting to Form Around a Star

JWST and ALMA peered through a natural opening in the star’s surrounding cloud to catch the action up close.

There might be an anti-aging secret hiding in magic mushrooms

Psilocybin extends cell life, and preserves aging DNA structures.

Not Just Hunters: Wooden Tools Unearth the Sophisticated, Plant-Eating World of Early Humans

What if the Stone Age wasn't really about stone?

This is How Exercise Supercharges the Immune System Against Cancer

Exercise reshapes gut bacteria to supercharge immune response against tumors.